ASC 2025: Papers with Abstracts

Abstract. Increasing diversity in construction management (CM) benefits the profession by bringing multiple perspectives and skill sets, improving project outcomes, and helping alleviate the problem of current and projected vacancies in CM while simultaneously providing opportunities for future construction managers such as fulfilling careers and higher pay. This study advances understanding of whether an intervention at the middle school level, in this case a hands-on workshop, results in an increased interest in pursuing CM as a career. The workshop included site logistics planning, target value delivery, and a quantification exercise using Meta Quest 2 VR headsets. Participant understanding of, and interest in, CM before and after the workshop were determined through deployment of surveys with a combination of multiple choice and open-ended questions. Surveys also included participant demographic questions. 41 students aged 10-15 years old participated in our study. Our analysis found that interest in CM increased significantly post-workshop. Increased interest was not impacted by the students’ gender or having family members in construction.

Abstract. The development of well-structured curricula is at the cornerstone of quality education. In construction, there exist a variety of programs with diverse curricula. Sharing insights from these programs can encourage the adoption of best practices and help new program administrators improve their offerings to better address the evolving industry needs. In this paper, the authors conducted a comparative study of the 77 ACCE (American Council of Construction Education)-accredited construction programs in the United States. The curricula design of these programs is systematically compared based on the frequency of courses used to evaluate the 17 ACCE-defined student learning outcomes (SLOs). The findings of this study aim to identify key trends, highlight differences, and explore opportunities for improvement in construction education.

Abstract. The integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Virtual Reality (VR) in architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) education represents a transformative approach to immersive learning and operational efficiency. This research project conducted a multi-phase study to implement and assess the impact of BIM-VR technologies. Initially, it explored the theoretical foundations and technical methods for integrating data models into VR environments, enhancing visualization and interactive learning. The study then uses the Sim Lab extension method to seamlessly compare virtual models and their real-world counterparts. Through a series of structured activities, students engage in 2D drafting, 3D modeling, and immersive VR experiences, bridging the gap between theoretical design and practical application. A comprehensive questionnaire assesses the impact on student motivation, satisfaction, work quality, and efficiency. The findings highlight the positive acceptance and significant educational benefits of BIM-VR integration, providing valuable insights for educators, practitioners, and policymakers to enhance pedagogical outcomes and project performance in the AEC sector.

Abstract. The construction industry is increasingly embracing Artificial Intelligence (AI). This uptick in AI adoption has been met by a talent shortage, stemming from a lack of broader integration of AI in construction education. Existing research has looked at the introduction of AI through short modules with specific applications, along with calls for more research into challenges and learning opportunities incidental to this development. This study carried out a case study on an early attempt at AI education in construction, examining the impact of its content and project-based learning approach on the development of AI literacy. The study employed a qualitative approach, utilizing a focus group to gather in-depth insights from five students enrolled in the course. The study found a positive relationship between the project-based approach, course content, and the increased AI literacy of the participants. Cross-domain learning and industry-academia collaborations were identified as significant opportunities for AI education.

Abstract. Over four years and seven semesters, 212 undergraduate students enrolled in a senior capstone construction management (CM) course completed an assignment directly evaluating their intellectual abilities using Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences (MI). MI theory rejects the traditional premise that intelligence is broad, generic, and measurable on a linear scale flanked by “high” and “low” intelligence poles. Instead, the theory proposes that intelligence is an individualized synthesis of specific and various intellectual abilities including linguistic, logical-mathematical, kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist, spatial, and existential. Results from the study showed that on average CM students in the capstone course gave themselves high scores in kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, and interpersonal MI categories. They showed alarmingly low confidence in their linguistic ability (i.e., communication), ranking it second to last. CM students’ MI scores were further analyzed by their final grade in class, sex, and total MI scores. Key takeaways from the study encourage CM educators to find ways to tailor their curricula to include more first-hand, kinesthetic-based applications and experiences. CM students should also be given many more opportunities to speak, present, and collaborate in class to help improve their linguistic abilities and confidence.

Abstract. This study examines the effectiveness of a two-phase experiential learning project in Construction Management (CM) education. In phase one, Computer Information Systems (CIS) students developed an estimation database using historical data from three Massachusetts schools. In phase two, CM students applied this tool alongside traditional estimation methods for the Florence Roache Elementary School Project. Twenty CM students each produced three independent estimates using the student-developed MIS Estimator, MSBA Bid Results Data, and RS Means Square Foot Estimator. Analysis against AACE International Class 4 accuracy standards (-15% to +30%) showed the MIS Estimator and MSBA achieved mean differences of -13.96% and -26.42%, respectively from the Florence Roche Feasibility Study PSR (Preferred Schematic Report) Probable Cost Estimate, while RS Means (-67.65%) exceeded recommended variance limits. Student performance in conceptual estimating showed marked improvement, with final exam scores increasing from a three-year historical average of 75.16% (2021-2023) to 97.7% in 2024. The findings demonstrate the potential of incorporating student-developed tools in construction education while highlighting areas for future refinement in estimating pedagogy.

Abstract. Construction materials courses at a university commonly cover sampling and testing concrete. The
knowledge and skills developed in both the classroom and laboratory sessions can be further
capitalized by incorporating a concrete certification into this course curriculum, which will further
validate their knowledge gained and enhance the resume of the students. However, this integration
of the entire certification process can be challenging for an instructor. This paper discusses common
delivery methods for the instructional training and an overview of the American Concrete Institute
(ACI) certification process. This work provides insights of 445 students over a 13 year period for the
pass/fail rates of both the written and performance exams for the ACI Concrete Field Testing
Technician–Grade I certification. These findings provide valuable ideas for developing a certification
curriculum and even improving a current certification curriculum.

Abstract. Traditional construction field trips are integral to construction education, providing students with firsthand exposure to real-world job sites. However, these visits are often hindered by logistical, safety, and accessibility challenges that limit their feasibility and effectiveness. This paper proposes integrating robotic-assisted virtual field trips to overcome these challenges. We examine the limitations of both traditional and existing virtual field trips and explore the potential of robotic systems such as aerial drones and ground robots for construction education. Recognizing the importance of authentic learning experiences, we propose a comprehensive system architecture grounded in Situated Learning Theory. This architecture integrates technological, pedagogical, and compliance considerations to bridge classroom learning with real-world construction environments. The proposed approach aims to enhance students' learning experiences by providing authentic contexts and engaging them in real-world tasks through a community of practice, while ensuring safety and regulatory compliance. A preliminary pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed architecture. Initial testing confirmed that the robotic platform, real-time data transmission, secure access, and basic communication features performed as intended.

Abstract. Sustainability has deeply transformed 21st-century work and life, emphasizing its critical role in
intellectual pursuits and everyday practices. Education is key to bridging the growing disconnect
between humans and nature. While sustainable construction is a prevalent topic in construction
management curricula, there is still a need for continuous improvement and practical changes to
further integrate sustainability into educational programs. As the construction industry shifts
toward sustainability, it requires new skills beyond traditional competencies. In response, this paper
introduces a systematic, iterative curriculum development model tailored to the Sustainable
Construction course within the Construction Project Management (CPM) program at The Southern
Alberta Institute of Technology (SAIT). Utilizing technology and artificial intelligence (AI), the
research adopts a three-step iterative development model that prioritizes student engagement,
knowledge retention, and skill acquisition. To validate the model's effectiveness, the paper presents
empirical evidence derived from student feedback, industry stakeholder insights, and classroom
observations. This study documents and evaluates the curriculum-design process, offering best
practices for integrating sustainability into construction education.

Abstract. This study investigates the effectiveness of AI-narrated voice-over presentations in online education. The research compares student perceptions and satisfaction between traditional humannarrated and AI-narrated presentations in an online drone course. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study analyzes quantitative data from course evaluation surveys and qualitative feedback from student comments. Results indicate that AI- narrated content generally meets student expectations, with satisfaction levels comparable to human-narrated lectures in most areas. In fact, students reported feeling more encouraged to ask questions in the AI-narrated course. Students appreciated the quality of AI-generated materials, and did not significantly prefer a human speaker over AI-generated narration. The study suggests that AI-generated content can be a valuable tool in online education, potentially reducing educator workload without significantly impacting student satisfaction or performance. However, areas for improvement in AI-generated content were identified, including enhancing voice naturalness and errors in rendering human speech from text.

Abstract. This study explores the effectiveness of AI-narrated voice-over presentations in online education. We compared traditional human-narrated and AI-narrated presentations by analyzing the exam scores of students preparing for the FAA's Part 107 knowledge test in an online course. Our results showed no significant difference in test scores between the two groups. This indicates that AInarrated presentations can be just as effective as human-narrated ones. The findings suggest that educators can use AI-narrated voice-overs to save time and maintain consistent quality in online courses. This approach can streamline content creation, allowing educators to focus more on interactive and personalized teaching methods. By adopting AI technology, educational institutions can enhance their online courses, improving flexibility and efficiency without compromising learning outcomes. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of AI in online education, highlighting its benefits for both students and educators.

Abstract. This study explores the current state of Mass Timber education in U.S. construction programs, assessing the challenges, opportunities, and future needs for curriculum development. As Mass Timber gains traction as a sustainable building material, its integration into higher education remains limited, hindering the preparation of future professionals in construction. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, including surveys distributed to U.S. construction faculty to assess their familiarity with Mass Timber and the presence of related courses in their programs. Findings reveal that only 29% of the surveyed programs offer Mass Timber-related courses, with 49% of faculty having limited familiarity with the material. According to the survey responses, barriers to integration include curriculum constraints, a shortage of qualified instructors, and a lack of dedicated resources. Despite these challenges, there is a strong interest in expanding Mass Timber education, with 76% of faculty recognizing its value for sustainable construction practices. The study concludes that enhancing the Mass Timber curriculum and professional development for instructors is essential to meet the growing demand for expertise in this field. Recommendations include incorporating Mass Timber as an elective or specialized module, providing faculty training, and developing standardized educational resources to support its broader integration into construction programs.

Abstract. Across the United States, construction-related academic programs are offered under various titles, such as Construction Management (CM), Construction Engineering (CE), etc. While these programs prepare students for different roles in the construction industry, the naming of these programs can lead to confusion regarding their content and career outcomes. This study examined the impact of academic program names on students' perceptions, focusing on how students interpreted these titles about their construction knowledge and skills. A pilot study was conducted using a questionnaire survey of 113 students enrolled in construction programs at four universities. The findings reveal significant confusion, with 46% of students believing that programs like CM and CE offer equivalent degrees. Additionally, 39% of students thought a bachelor’s degree in CM was indistinguishable from a degree in CE. These results highlight the need for more transparent communication regarding the differences between these programs to help students make informed decisions about their education and future careers. Addressing misconceptions early on can improve students' alignment with the right programs, leading to better academic outcomes and career readiness. Moreover, this research provides valuable insights for academic advisors, educators, and administrators, enabling them to guide students more effectively and reduce misunderstandings surrounding program titles.

Abstract. The demand for specialty contractors in US construction exceeds skilled workers availability, thus creating challenges for universities, organizations, and industry to attract students to these careers. Research shows that guest speakers, particularly young professionals, can increase interest in certain fields. This study examines the impact of a specialty contractor alumni panel on construction management (CM) students' perceptions of these careers. A 19-item Likert scale survey measuring students' awareness, value, difficulty, and preference for specialty contracting careers was distributed to all CM students at a university. Pre-panel, 85 students completed the survey. After an hour-long alumni panel featuring six recent graduates in specialty contracting, 19 out of 50 attending students completed the survey. Comparison of pre- and post-panel surveys revealed a shift toward greater awareness, understanding, and interest in these careers. Further analysis found a strong correlation between students’ year in the program and their awareness of specialty contracting. Additionally, students’ exposure to information about the field was linked to higher perceived value and increased likelihood of pursuing these careers. The findings suggest that CM programs could benefit from more engagement opportunities, such as alumni panels, early in students’ university experience to help them explore the importance of specialty contracting roles.

Abstract. Large language models (LLMs) have begun transforming multiple industries, including construction. This study explores the opportunities and challenges posed by advanced AI systems such as ChatGPT and its counterparts in the educational realm of building construction. As educators, it is crucial to understand the utilization of these AI systems by students and their impact on learning experiences. This initial study investigates the relationship between LLMs and building construction students at Auburn University. By examining the prevalence of LLM usage, primary use cases, student perceptions, and preferred platforms, we aim to gather valuable insights into the initial adoption and effects of LLMs. Our goal is to conduct a market survey to understand student experiences, attitudes, and beliefs regarding LLMs. Results indicate high adoption rates among students which highlight areas for improvement and opportunities for further research. Educational institutions, and programs like Construction Management, play a vital role in bridging knowledge gaps, addressing mistrust, and maximizing LLM benefits for academic success. Through targeted training, improved communication, and ongoing exploration, educators can ensure students fully leverage LLM capabilities to enhance their learning and professional development.

Abstract. This paper describes the initial evaluation of the first three instances of the delivery of a new graduate studies course that focusses on the soft skills associated with the effective functioning of construction project teams. The evaluation uses a mixed methodology approach with quantitative data being collected by standard student evaluations and qualitative data collected by interviews with key participants. The data is then analyzed and presented to draw conclusions on the performance of the course and its future development. The findings show that course is successful and performs at an outstanding level (as determined by institutional evaluation). However, there are some issues around students’ motivation and their ability to engage and absorb the knowledge and soft skills necessary to become effective practitioners in project management at the point of graduation. The paper concludes with some recommendations for improvement and advancement of the course that will allow it to become part of a longitudinal study.

Abstract. This paper explores an innovative teaching strategy in construction law education by integrating Rachel Maddow's "The Bag Man." This lesson aims to enhance students' understanding of legal principles, ethical considerations, and the influence of American history on contemporary legal practices within the construction industry. "The Bag Man," which details the political corruption scandal involving former Vice President Spiro Agnew, is used as a case study to draw parallels between political corruption and ethical issues in construction. The lesson incorporates the book and podcast formats, offering a dynamic and accessible way to present complex legal concepts and real-world case studies. By examining the historical context of political corruption, students can relate these issues to industry-specific challenges, fostering a deeper comprehension and practical skills. This approach engages students and prepares them for the ethical and legal challenges they will face in their professional careers. The lesson's methodology, implementation, and evaluation are discussed, highlighting the effectiveness of multimedia resources and historical case studies in enhancing construction law education.

Abstract. This study investigates the impact of adolescent exposure to the construction industry on the career choices of female construction professionals. Despite women comprising only about 10% of the construction workforce, understanding the factors influencing their career decisions is crucial. The research highlights the significance of early exposure to STEM careers, noting that knowledge and experiences during middle and high school can shape future career paths. Utilizing narrative inquiry, the study collected data through a series of interviews. Participants were selected via a questionnaire distributed to members of the National Association of Women in Construction (NAWIC), ensuring a diverse pool. Seven female participants were interviewed in-depth. The interviews revealed a common theme of limited connection to the construction industry during adolescence. Most participants were initially guided towards engineering due to their proficiency in math and science, transitioning to construction management later in life. The study underscores the importance of providing young women with opportunities to explore construction careers, suggesting that increased exposure and mentorship could enhance female representation in the industry. Recommendations for educators and construction professionals include active listening, connecting students with industry programs, and engaging more female mentors to inspire the next generation of women in construction.

Abstract. State departments of transportation (DOTs) face significant challenges in retaining and recruiting construction inspectors (CIs) due to high attrition rates, budget constraints, and declining interest among younger generations. As a result, many DOTs have outsourced inspection to consulting firms to augment staff shortages. Hiring CIs through external sources may lead to variations and potential inconsistencies in CI knowledge, skills, and abilities. This study investigated CI education, training certification requirements, and delivery methods, as well as the challenges faced when administering these programs. A survey of 86 respondents from 46 state agencies and 27 firms revealed notable differences in formal education requirements and certification acceptance between DOTs and consulting firms. DOTs generally have lower education requirements and less acceptance of national certifications compared to consulting firms. Training methods also differ, with DOTs favoring internal programs and firms preferring third-party providers. Despite these differences, reported challenges in CI training remain similar to those identified a decade ago. The study highlights the need for standardization in CI qualifications and training to ensure consistency in knowledge and skills across the industry.

Abstract. This paper explores the use of mobile applications in surveying education to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. A mobile app was developed and integrated into a Construction Surveying course to address limitations of traditional teaching methods, particularly in practical skill acquisition. The study highlights how mobile apps provide an interactive, hands-on approach that enhances students' understanding of surveying concepts and practical skills. By incorporating visualization tools, the mobile app offers students the opportunity to engage in learning experiences. To assess the impact of mobile app integration on student learning, a pre- and post-survey analysis was conducted. The analysis aimed to evaluate improvements in students' comprehension, engagement, and practical skills after using the mobile app. Results revealed a 25% improvement in measurement accuracy, a 30% increase in error-correction abilities, and a 20% enhancement in data visualization skills. Furthermore, students showed a higher retention of key surveying principles, with an improvement in applying theoretical knowledge to their field exercises. Qualitative feedback indicated heightened engagement, improved comprehension of theoretical concepts, and increased confidence in field tasks. The paper concludes by highlighting the potential of mobile apps to bridge the gap between theory and practice in surveying education and suggests areas for further research.

Abstract. The rapid advancements in Augmented Reality (AR) have introduced new possibilities for educational use to improve student learning. There is an opportunity for its use as an educational tool, as mathematics scores for United States (US) high school students have reached an all-time low on international exams. Based on the need, the research identified the level of familiarity, proficiency, satisfaction, and learning potential of US high school students with using AR technology to explore its adoption in math and science as an educational tool. The research used a non-experimental method, with data collected through a cross-sectional online survey. The students were allowed to interact with a model of a bridge using AR technology. The collected data was analyzed using Chi-Square, allowing the hypothesis to be tested by comparing expected data to actual observed data. The finding from this statistical analysis demonstrated that: (1) There is no statistically significant evidence that students are unfamiliar with AR devices, contrary to expectations; (2) Students tend to have an average level but still need development; (3) The observed responses significantly deviate from the assumption of being "average" in students' initial experiences; (4) The use of AR has shown an average level of improvement in understanding and learning.

Abstract. Developing a new course that aligns with current and future industry demands is a common challenge for construction management programs. A systematic approach to this process is through a needs assessment, which helps evaluate and determine the most appropriate course content. While consulting faculty and administration is important, their insights can sometimes be outdated, particularly when based on individual experiences in the residential sector. One of the effective ways to ensure the course meets industry needs is through an analysis of job postings. This approach provides direct insights into the skills, qualifications, and experience employers seek, offering a comprehensive and up-to-date view of workforce requirements that internal perspectives alone may not capture. This paper presents the development of a residential construction course at the McWhorter School of building Science, Auburn University. The methodology involved a comprehensive review of 70 job postings in the residential sector, analyzing job roles, required experience, qualifications, and responsibilities. The analysis focused on job roles and identifying key competencies sought by employers. The findings identified critical skills such as a deep understanding of residential construction means and methods, onsite construction management, effective use of technology, and preconstruction management. Additionally, the analysis highlighted the need for soft skills like communication and leadership, in interactions with clients, design teams, or the construction teams. This paper presents the details of the job posting analysis and the course development.

Abstract. This study analyzes the range of subjects offered in the associate’s degree programs in Construction Management accredited by the American Council of Construction Education (ACCE). An associate's degree in construction management is a two-year program that equips students with essential skills and knowledge for entering the construction industry. The titles of the required courses in the accredited programs were analyzed to identify the distribution of credit hours among mathematics, science, communication, business management, and construction core subjects. The analysis showed that the hours dedicated to mathematics-related subjects vary from 3 to 8, with a median of 3 credit hours. The hours in science-related subjects range from 3 to 6, with a median of 4 credit hours. This constitutes an average of 12% of the total credit hours required in the programs. As the ACCE has removed the minimum required hours for mathematics and science and does not have a specific learning outcome related to these subjects in the current standard, these results provide a meaningful baseline for studying future trends. Additionally, the findings indicate that, outside of construction core subjects, the programs also emphasize oral and written communication, with an average of 6 credit hours devoted to these areas.

Abstract. This research explores the readiness of construction management students regarding their familiarity levels, their perception in the future, and barriers in learning of digital technologies in construction. This study utilized a mixed-methods approach to perform a comprehensive survey of construction management students focused on junior and senior levels. Digital technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual/Augmented Reality (VR/AR), Drones, Lidar 3D scan, and Internet of Things (IoT) were emphasized and utilized in the survey questionnaire. Data was collected from 108 students and the results are summarized with analysis. The findings indicated varying levels of familiarity with BIM/VDC, and drones perceived as highly significant for future industry applications. However, substantial barriers, such as lack of formal training, high costs, time constraints, and limited emphasis by institutions, were identified as key challenges to technology adoption. A Spearman correlation heatmap highlighted the relationships between students' self-interest, perception of the necessity of technology, and their preference for traditional methods. This study emphasized the need for a systematic approach to reduce barriers, better align the curriculum with current industries digital transformation requirements and foster a culture of technological adoption among future industry experts.

Abstract. The Last Planner System (LPS) is one of the Lean Construction methods. The LPS is to develop a more reliable project schedule through collaboration among multiple ‘Last Planners’. A reliable work schedule in the LPS can be developed through different levels including weekly schedule. A weekly schedule should include the works which are ready for installation and screen out the work items which are not ready. This ‘make-ready’ process in developing weekly schedules is one of the key components in the LPS. Several simulation games had been developed to educate the LPS to construction practitioners and construction major students. The current LPS simulation games include simulation of several different components of the LPS. However, no current LPS simulation game simulates all the major processes in the LPS including the ‘make-ready’ process. A new LPS simulation game was developed to include all the major LPS processes and components including management of uncertainty. It was implemented in a construction schedule course in a Construction Management (CM) program at a college in the U.S. As a pilot study, students’ perception of the effectiveness of the game was evaluated. The results show that the newly develop LPS game was effective in learning.

Abstract. In Associated General Contractors’ most recent Workforce Survey Release, data collected from the construction industry has noted the failure to attract qualified people, grow the right skillsets and prepare future workers for careers in construction. University construction management programs are seeing their classrooms filled with Generation Z students, similar to Millennials but also very different attributes, who will be hired into these early career positions in the industry. In order for university programs to help industry fill these management and sub-management positions, it is necessary for educators to be aware of the unique learning style and preferences of Gen Z and adapt our classroom and culture to build student academic careers and enhance the college experience. This paper will provide some of the ways in which one program has begun to incorporate changes in their curriculum and classrooms to accomplish these goals while meeting the employment needs of the construction industry.

Abstract. Construction estimating courses are foundational in preparing students for careers in the construction industry. This study aims to identify effective teaching tools for construction estimating quantity take-off (QTO) courses through a survey with instructors. The survey, with 55 responses, examined the tools currently used, evaluated their effectiveness in enhancing student learning, and identified some challenges the instructors faced. The study results showed that 80 percent of respondents used visualization tools, and the four most effective tools were 3D objects, 3D SketchUp models, 3D Revit models, and YouTube videos. Respondents also stated that these tools helped visual learners and improved other students' understanding of complex drawings while also increasing their confidence and skills in planning. However, limitations and challenges such as lack of course-project-specific 3D models, reliance on the tools, and technological and licensing issues have been identified in some institutions. In the absence of visualization tools, some instructors frequently relied on traditional approaches. The study also emphasized the broader usefulness of visualization tools beyond QTO courses, indicating their potential use in construction safety, planning and scheduling, and site logistics courses. Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) tools typically showed great promise for generating immersive, scenario-driven learning experiences.

Abstract. The construction industry needs a talented workforce with diverse skills to manage projects and people effectively. Identifying the strengths of the new generation construction workforce is critical for building effective teams and ensuring project success. Moreover, the multidisciplinary nature of the construction industry requires collaboration between several stakeholders, integrating technical expertise and soft skills to perform better in a team environment. The study focuses on the relationships among the Clifton assessment’s four domains of Executing, Influencing, Relationship Building, and Strategic Thinking within the student cohort utilizing a correlation analysis. The results revealed that the top five strengths identified were “Relator,” “Restorative”, “Achiever”, “Futuristic” and “Competition” while “Connectedness” was the least common strength identified among the participating students. Further analysis showed moderate to weak negative correlations between the domains, indicating that strengths in one area may be the opposite in other strengths. Overall, the study highlights the potential of the CliftonStrengths assessment as a tool for identifying and utilizing students’ strengths to enhance team building in construction management education.

Abstract. Virtual site visits are increasingly becoming a viable educational tool for educators to supplement or replace traditional visits when these are challenged by logistical issues, inaccessibility, or safety hazards. Recent research has explored the integration of theory-based learning strategies, such as collaborative problem-solving and multimedia learning, in online construction site visits to support construction students’ collaborative skill development and learning effectiveness. However, there remains a lack of understanding of how to guide students systematically from conceptual knowledge to more complex, hands-on, or procedural knowledge, which often leads to a fragmented learning experience in current online site visit designs. This study aims to integrate active learning approaches (i.e., systematic learning progression) into online site visits to facilitate students’ development of situated knowledge. In this project, a collaborative online site visit focused on building mechanical systems was created, where students worked in pairs to achieve four specific learning objectives, progressing from conceptual to procedural knowledge regarding building mechanical systems. The findings provide insights into the integration of systematic learning progression within virtual collaborative spaces for online site visits and demonstrate the effectiveness of such site visits in supporting students’ situated knowledge.

Abstract. The urgency of sustainable development has led educational institutions to incorporate sustainability principles into engineering curricula. However, questions remain about whether this approach effectively instills a sustainability-oriented mindset in graduates. Given the pivotal role of education in achieving sustainability goals, it is essential to optimize the impact of sustainable development education. This study explores key barriers to effective sustainability education based on literature review findings and survey results from 48 civil engineering students at Washington State University. The survey measured student perspectives on seven primary barriers: (1) insufficient instilment of commitment to sustainability, (2) inadequate program structure for comprehensive understanding, (3) limited integration of sustainability in decision-making processes, (4) weak program policies supporting sustainability, (5) non-binding declarations lacking accountability, (6) overly crowded curricula, and (7) lack of faculty collaboration. The results showed that “insufficient instilment of commitment” and “inadequate program structure” were perceived as the most critical obstacles. These findings highlight the need for targeted curriculum reforms and institutional support to strengthen sustainability education. Addressing these barriers can better equip future engineers with the values and knowledge needed to support sustainable practices, ultimately advancing educational institutions’ contribution to global sustainability goals.

Abstract. The Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry is facing a significant workforce shortage due to an aging labor force and a lack of interest from younger generations. Despite numerous initiatives aimed at promoting Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), careers in the AEC fields are still undervalued and poorly understood, especially among younger students. This study addresses this gap by implementing two interactive AEC workshops for 4th to 6th graders in the Fresno Unified School District, exposing 95 students to hands-on learning and mentorship in the construction and architecture fields. The workshops included two sessions — an interactive lecture and a hands-on activity — designed to introduce career concepts and practical skills. Pre- and post-workshop surveys indicated a significant increase in interest in AEC careers, with the number of students expressing interest in construction management or architecture doubling. The data suggests that early exposure through school-based workshops can positively influence career aspirations and help mitigate future workforce shortages. By making AEC concepts accessible and engaging for younger audiences, the study demonstrates that targeted, early interventions can shift perceptions and inspire a new generation toward AEC fields. Expanding such initiatives to even younger age groups could further strengthen the pipeline of skilled professionals, ensuring the long-term sustainability of the AEC industry.

Abstract. In construction project planning courses, mastering effective schedule compression strategies is essential for preparing students for industry challenges. However, the role of AI tools in this educational context remains underexplored. This study examines the impact of AI-assisted tools, specifically ChatGPT, on enhancing schedule acceleration skills among Construction Management (CM) and Architecture students. The research investigates how using AI tools can improve students' ability to analyze construction schedules, identify optimal acceleration techniques, and implement effective approaches. Additionally, the study explores potential correlations between students' writing and mathematical skills and their effectiveness in utilizing ChatGPT for project scheduling. By comparing the performance of the two student groups, the research seeks to reveal how academic proficiency in math and writing influences their ability to optimize schedules using AI-driven methods. Most students demonstrated a solid understanding of using AI to identify schedule bottlenecks and accelerate projects, though engagement depth varied. Higher-scoring students critically evaluated suggestions, while lower-scoring students missed opportunities for deeper analysis. The findings provide insights into integrating AI tools in construction education, emphasizing the importance of cautious implementation to enhance students' readiness for realworld applications and ensure meaningful outcomes.

Abstract. Effective feedback is crucial in sustainability design education, where students must meet complex criteria such as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) standards. This study explores the potential for an automated feedback system to be powered by Large Language Models (LLMs), designed to deliver real-time, detailed, and rubric-aligned feedback for sustainability-focused projects. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, the tool’s performance was compared to teaching assistant (TA) feedback, focusing on feedback length, alignment with LEED rubrics, clarity, and timeliness. The results show that Llama 8B 3.1 has significantly longer and more structured feedback, offering immediate and iterative responses that facilitated systematic refinement of student work. In contrast, TA feedback, while shorter and often delayed, provided nuanced, context-sensitive insights tailored to individual submissions. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness in delivering standardized and scalable feedback by Llama 8B 3.1, while also highlighting the value of TAs' personalized guidance. This study advances the field of automated feedback systems and underscores the potential of integrating AI-powered tools with human expertise to enhance sustainability design education.

Abstract. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have emerged as crucial elements in teaching pedagogy, offering significant improvements in learning, enhancing student skills, promoting collaborative education, and increasing accessibility in both teaching and research environments. This study assessed the effectiveness of an ML image-classification model for evaluating concrete workability in a Building Structures course. Sixty-two (62) students developed and tested the ML model to predict the adequacy of the water/cement ratio using slump test results from various concrete mixtures, including low, adequate, and high-water content. A paired t-test with a 95% confidence interval was conducted to compare pre-and post-assignment survey results. The findings indicate that integrating AI/ML tools into construction education increases students' familiarity with these technologies, positively influencing their perceptions of AI/ML's role in formal construction management education and improving their ability to apply AI/ML in coursework. Additionally, this experience fosters critical thinking about AI/ML applications and enables students to propose model improvements. This study contributes to construction education by demonstrating that AI/ML-based assignments enhance students' understanding of emerging technologies and provide educators with evidence-based strategies to improve construction management programs for future professionals.

Abstract. The increasing demand for energy efficiency in buildings highlights the importance of Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) in optimizing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. While several research studies have focused on BEMS, there is still a lack of understanding of various energy management strategies for overall building performance. This research aims to define what constitutes a BEMS and its key components. It identifies and describes the various applications included in BEMS that facilitate energy efficiency and environmental control. Additionally, the study assesses the significant challenges faced during implementing BEMS in the construction industry, including compatibility issues and financial constraints. Furthermore, it evaluates the benefits of adopting BEMS in construction, particularly regarding energy efficiency and occupant comfort. The research also explores future directions and innovations in BEMS to enhance building sustainability and operational efficiency. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing 17 key papers from Scopus and Google Scholar databases. The findings indicate that BEMS allows for real-time monitoring and control of energy usage, significantly improving occupant comfort due to enhanced environmental conditions. Advanced technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and renewable energy sources, can be integrated to provide added functionality to BEMS. Proper implementation of BEMS brings substantial cost benefits to building owners and contributes to achieving sustainability goals. This work informs building managers, occupants, and policymakers about best practices for managing building energy, thereby identifying gaps in current building energy modeling and control strategies.

Abstract. The building sector contributes substantially to greenhouse gas emissions, which in turn exacerbates climate change in a positive feedback loop. As a result, there is an urgent need to improve energyefficiency of buildings to lower their environmental impacts. The Massachusetts Specialized Opt-In code, which includes Passive House as a compliance path, supports the State's goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting energy conservation. This paper examines the perception of industry professionals about implementing Passive House standards in large residential projects in Massachusetts as well as the cost impacts of implementing these standards. Through comprehensive literature review, case studies, and primary data collection via interviews with industry professionals, the analysis provides insights into the industry readiness and incremental costs associated with Passive House projects while explores the challenges and benefits of adopting these standards. The findings indicate that while there is an initial cost premium, typically ranging from 1% to 7.5%, the average cost increase is approximately 2.4%. Long-term savings and improved building performance make Passive House an attractive option for sustainable development. The study highlights the importance of industry experience and training in managing costs and achieving high-performance standards which underscores the need for continued education and collaboration among construction stakeholders. Additionally, the research underlines the critical role of policy and industry cooperation in fostering sustainable construction practices to ensure that the transition to high-performance buildings is economically viable and environmentally beneficial.

Abstract. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification system's impact on residential buildings, focusing on the residents' perspective. It critically examines key dimensions such as financial affordability, satisfaction with indoor environmental quality, and the long-term market performance of LEED-certified properties. By synthesizing findings from 18 recent studies conducted over the past decade, this research explores how LEED certification influences residential construction costs, occupant well-being, and property valuations across diverse contexts and certification tiers.
The results show consistent improvements in indoor environmental quality across all certification levels and regions, with positive effects on residents' daily living experiences, quality of life, and long-term economic investment. Economically, urban markets tend to outperform rural areas, while higher certification levels often yield better long-term economic benefits. For affordable housing, the greatest barrier to green sustainability remains the initial cost, which requires not only raising residents' awareness but also significant support from both governments and enterprises. Initial construction costs may rise by 2-15%, but the investment is frequently offset by long-term operational savings and property value appreciation ranging from 15-50%. This study provides critical insights for homebuyers, developers, and market analysts, offering a nuanced understanding of the economic and experiential advantages linked to LEED-certified residential properties.
Uniquely emphasizing the residents' perspective, this research demonstrates how LEED certification translates sustainability metrics into tangible daily living benefits and long-term financial value. By balancing qualitative improvements in living conditions with quantifiable economic returns, the study bridges the gap between technical sustainability standards and practical residential advantages, empowering stakeholders to make informed decisions regarding sustainable housing investments.

Abstract. This study investigates the influence of Regional Priority (RP) credits on LEED certification outcomes for multifamily residential projects under the LEED for New Construction (LEED NC) Version 3 framework. Leveraging data from 878 certified projects, the analysis explored the frequency, distribution, and predictive power of RP credits on overall LEED scores. Sustainable Sites credits emerged as the most frequently achieved category, reflecting their critical role in addressing urban environmental challenges such as stormwater management and heat island mitigation. Geographic analysis revealed regional clusters of RP credit achievements, with the East Coast, West Coast, and Great Lakes regions leading in adoption, likely driven by local environmental priorities and policy frameworks. A linear regression model demonstrated a significant positive association between the number of RP credits earned and overall LEED scores, with each additional RP credit contributing approximately 2.42 points. These findings highlight the strategic importance of RP credits in enhancing LEED certification outcomes, particularly in urban and high-density settings, where tailored sustainability practices are essential. This study underscores the value of regionally relevant credit strategies in advancing green building performance and provides actionable insights for optimizing certification pathways in multifamily residential developments. Future research should examine the interplay of climate, project size, and regional policies to refine RP credit frameworks further and maximize their impact on sustainable construction.

Abstract. With the shift from gasoline-powered to electric vehicles, the automobile industry faces a critical challenge: the transformation of traditional gas stations into efficient electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. This research introduces the concept of the “Solar District,” a novel EV charging paradigm designed to be self-sufficient in energy usage, adhere to sustainable construction ethics, and function as a multifunctional cultural space. The Solar District is envisioned not only as an EV charging station but also as a community support hub, providing essential services such as food, clothing, shelter, and resources during disasters or power outages. Evaluation of the Solar District concept shows a superior performance score, surpassing conventional facilities, and highlights its potential to enhance environmental and energy justice. By reducing greenhouse emissions, preserving local ecosystems, and addressing high charging demands, the Solar District offers a sustainable and community-centered solution. Furthermore, it promotes cultural identity and fosters a sense of community by creating a positive, eco-friendly environment, supporting stakeholders and decision-makers in the pursuit of equitable and sustainable energy solutions.

Abstract. The stakeholder context in sustainable construction is vital to project success, defining the
environment in which stakeholders interact, influence, and are influenced by the project. This paper
explores the role of energy efficiency as the primary measure of sustainability in construction
projects. This context encompasses roles, interests, relationships, and dynamics, all crucial for
managing interactions and achieving positive outcomes. This study is divided into two parts. Part
One focuses on developing a conceptual framework during the preparation, planning, and design
phases; Part Two introduces a project lifecycle-spanning use case model for the owner, design team,
and construction contractor. Focusing on the planning and design phases, this paper emphasizes the
importance of early-stage stakeholder management and collaboration to integrate sustainability and
energy efficiency objectives from the outset. Early decisions regarding materials, processes, and
environmental factors impact long-term project sustainability. Achieving energy-efficient
sustainability goals requires cooperation among stakeholders through interface management,
balancing economic, social, and environmental considerations. Integrating stakeholder perspectives
and fostering partnerships is essential to address complex challenges and promote resilient,
sustainable, and equitable built environments. This paper explores stakeholder roles and relationships
in sustainable construction, aiming to improve management, reduce conflicts, and enhance project
performance and energy efficient sustainability outcomes.

Abstract. This study provides a comprehensive review of 3D printer types and sizes utilized in the construction industry, examining their applications, capabilities, and impacts on modern construction processes. With 3D printing revolutionizing construction through enhanced design flexibility, reduced material waste, and labor efficiency, it is essential to understand the distinct roles of different printer types and scales. The construction sector has begun adopting various printer types, such as robotic arms (stationary and mobile robotic arms) and gantry-based systems. Each type offers distinct benefits for specific construction needs, from creating detailed prototypes and specialized components to printing structural elements and entire buildings. Small-scale 3D printers provide greater precision and flexibility, are suitable for intricate designs and component-level production, and are often used in rapid prototyping or for custom architectural details. In contrast, large-scale 3D printers are primarily used for constructing full-size structures, utilizing substantial material volumes to achieve stability and durability. These printers, often fixed or semi-mobile, enable efficient production of large sections but may lack the fine detail achievable by smaller systems. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of these 3D printer types and sizes, assessing their efficiency in construction for both industrial and institutional use.

Abstract. This paper examines the software ecosystems used by construction field personnel for daily tasks, with a focus on perspectives from both subcontractors and general contractors on large-scale commercial construction projects. The study analyzed current software ecosystems, associated hardware, and firm interconnections, collecting data from one case study of a large-scale construction project in Nashville, Tennessee. Through a survey questionnaire, insights were gathered on the essential software functionalities for on-site tasks, stakeholder communication, and current training formats. The study involved 23 participants who collectively provided 109 responses, representing an average of 6 years of experience in diverse job-site roles. The findings reveal that ProCore® is the predominant software used to enhance communication and coordination between general contractors and subcontractors. Tablets emerged as the most popular on-site hardware, reflecting a shift toward mobile, flexible digital solutions. However, the study also uncovered a significant reliance on informal training methods, such as on-the-job training, highlighting a gap in structured training opportunities. The paper offers actionable recommendations for construction management curricula to address this gap.

Abstract. Bridge inspections are vital for ensuring structural safety and serviceability. Most studies focus on surface defect detection methods with limited research addressing post-data collection and analysis processes. Typically, the inspector would need to return to the site, survey the bridge, and map the defect areas manually. The process is costly and inefficient, relying on inspector expertise. Therefore, to address these challenges, this study explores using augmented reality (AR) to improve defect mapping through enhanced visualization, geolocation, and access to previous inspection and maintenance reports. Existing research on AR in this context is minimal, prompting the need for this investigation. The proposed AR-based technique requires minimal hardware and software additions beyond what is typically available during inspection operations, making it easily replicable. Target defect will be delamination, and the mode of detection used are Infrared Thermography (IRT) and Impact Echo (IE). However, the method can be applied to any desired defect and detection method with 2D maps as the output. The technique was assessed on a mockup slab with mimic delamination and an in-service bridge. The results highlight that the proposed AR application has the potential to improve efficiency, accuracy, and collaboration during inspection and maintenance operations.

Abstract. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a pivotal technology in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. It enables the creation and management of digital representations of physical and functional characteristics of buildings. The integration of deep learning technology can significantly enhance BIM’s capabilities. This is particularly true for object detection and material classification. This paper explores the application of deep learning techniques, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), for the automated detection and classification of building elements and materials. We detail the workflows in training and deploying these models, encompassing data collection, preprocessing, model training, and validation. Furthermore, we discuss the integration of these models into BIM frameworks. Emphasizing the benefits such as improved accuracy, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. There are challenges like large data requirements and computational demands. Still, the potential for deep learning to transform BIM processes is immense. This article suggests a framework as part of ongoing research to address current limitations and advance the automation of Scan-to-BIM processes. It introduces sophisticated deep-learning models for object detection and material identification within the construction environment. The proposed framework will be implemented, and future research articles will present the final results.

Abstract. Construction megaprojects often exhibit high degrees of innovation due to their singularity. They are captivating and we must expect the innovation process to be the same. To identify and describe the innovation process of contractors is our objective; a process model of innovation is our primary contribution. Since little relevant information is available, descriptive research on the innovation process by contractors might benefit a better understanding. Longitudinal studies observing innovation promise to generate the deepest insight possible because innovation itself takes time. We conducted research in four projects as case studies alternating between action research, observation, primary and secondary source documents, and interviews for data collection using grounded theory for data evaluation. Literature from the fields of construction management, organizational management, social psychology and cognitive science helped to embed the data into theory. The data reveal a highly complex, iterative and messy process with nine overlapping process groups. The contractors were never able to define problems completely and used simplifying heuristics. Satisficing behavior and bounded rationality replaced optimization.

Abstract. The efficiency of offsite construction, particularly volumetric modular construction, can be significantly enhanced by optimizing the production process. This study uses a case-study method to explore the application of Value Stream Mapping (VSM) to identify and mitigate inefficiencies in the production line of an offsite construction factory. By analyzing the current production flow of Factory A, several inefficiencies were identified, and solutions were proposed and tested in collaboration with the factory’s management team. The proposed solutions, many of which align with lean manufacturing principles, were evaluated for effectiveness. The findings provide a framework for other volumetric modular construction manufacturers to optimize their production processes, preliminary reducing schedule time and ultimately leading to reduced costs and waste.

Abstract. The current research examined the implementation and impact of the emerging technologies that are being used in the construction industry, mainly focusing on technologies such as Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Robotics. The primary goal of this research is to investigate the utilization of emerging technologies that are being implemented by construction firms based on diverse background information such as the company type, size, and geographical location. Moreover, this research discovers the perceptions of construction firms regarding the benefits and challenges associated with adopting these emerging technologies. Additionally, this study identifies the strategies that could help facilitate the broader adoption of emerging technologies. This study adopted a quantitative research approach; a survey was distributed to the construction industry professionals to collect the data, and descriptive analysis was performed. By identifying the current utilization levels, benefits, and challenges to adoption, this research provides practical guidance for adopting emerging technologies in the construction industry and enables greater integration, innovation, and impact the improves overall jobsite productivity.

Abstract. The unprecedented adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) necessitates a systematic understanding of the core knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs)—hereafter referred to as competencies—required for AI implementation in the construction industry. Universities offering construction-related programs must acknowledge this transformation and develop curricula to ensure graduates are AI-proficient. These educational initiatives require a competency framework that delineates the essential KSAs for construction program graduates. However, such a framework is currently lacking. This paper addresses this gap by conducting a qualitative meta-analysis of significant AI training programs to develop a competency framework for guiding intended learning outcomes (ILOs) in construction education. Through comprehensive review, analysis, and synthesis of relevant sources, this study establishes a foundational framework that serves both as a catalyst for developing construction program intended learning outcomes (ILOs) and as a basis for scholarly discourse on framework refinement through industry engagement and needs assessment.

Abstract. Integrating robotics into construction is gaining momentum as a viable solution to industry challenges, such as low productivity, on-site errors, and others. Among these challenges, painting activity stands out due to its inherent hazards, including exposure to harmful substances and falls. Autonomous painting robots (APRs) emerge as a promising means to mitigate these risks. Although these APRs are equipped with sensing technologies to facilitate their task execution, the dynamic nature of construction environments often leads to errors generated by onboard sensors. This study presents an innovative approach that leverages Building Information Modeling (BIM) to enhance painting accuracy and efficiency. By extracting semantic and geometric data from BIM models, the system improves sensor data interpretation, enabling precise identification of building elements and boundary delineation for painting tasks. Furthermore, integrating project scheduling ensures collision avoidance with concurrent construction activities, enhancing overall task coordination and efficiency. This study addresses sensor-related errors inherent in construction robotics, offering a comprehensive solution for safer, more efficient painting operations.

Abstract. In the construction industry, ensuring timely and precise material installations is paramount. However, reliance on two-dimensional representations of three-dimensional structures in paper documents often leads to errors and inefficiencies, particularly among inexperienced installers. With seasoned professionals leaving the workforce, there is a growing expertise gap, undermining the industry's ability to deliver high-quality products. Augmented Reality (AR) emerges as a promising solution to these challenges, offering quick comprehension of the construction process. The main hurdle with AR is its precision. This study is a continuation of a prior study in which the authors discovered that although AR was extremely easy to use and its comprehension almost immediate its accuracy and precision prevented it from being utilized as a measurement aid where tolerances were minimal. This study evaluates some newer technology which pair the AR devices with a GPS receiver which should enhance the accuracy and precision of the system. The research replicates a typical construction scenario involving the positioning of underground utilities before concrete placement, emphasizing the importance of accuracy in layout and placement. Results indicate significant improvements in accuracy and precision when utilizing the AR devices that were paired with GPS, but the technology still has a way to go before it can be relied upon for construction installation activities.

Abstract. While the construction industry has embraced the adoption of wearable technology, the level of adoption of wearable exoskeletons in the US construction industry is limited and in the infancy stage. The user acceptance and implementation of wearable technology have been influenced by several factors among others. A sizable number of studies have been carried out on the adoption of wearable exoskeletons in the US construction industry but there is a need to identify the impacting factors on the technology implementation. Considering the new area of the application of exoskeletons in the construction industry, a scoping review is conducted to identify the drivers and barriers to the implementation and use of exoskeletons in the US construction industry. The findings of the study showed that drivers such as reduction of fatigue, safety and health awareness, and future standard equipment have the potential to improve exoskeleton adoption in the US construction industry while cost constraints, discomfort, privacy issues, and resistance to change are significant barriers identified. The review provides checklists of actionable steps towards increased adoption of exoskeletons and guidelines for policymakers, contractors, and safety managers on the drivers and barriers in order to make informed decisions on exoskeleton adoption in the US construction industry.

Abstract. Construction workers face numerous hazards and risks on job sites, necessitating comprehensive risk assessment methods to safeguard their safety and health. Traditional risk assessment approaches in the construction industry often rely on historical data and periodic assessments, potentially overlooking real-time conditions and dynamic environmental changes. This paper addresses this challenge by examining wearable sensing devices (WSDs) integration to provide continuous, real-time data for construction safety risk assessment. This study employs a systematic literature review to synthesize insights from existing academic research on integrating WSDs for safety risk assessment in construction. It aims to elucidate the benefits, challenges, and implementation considerations of incorporating WSDs into established risk management frameworks. Additionally, the study utilizes scientometric analysis to categorize key drivers and barriers to WSD integration while uncovering trends and relationships within the field. The study’s results indicate that key drivers, including technological advancements, real-time monitoring, and hazard identification, alongside barriers such as cost, user acceptance, data privacy, training requirements, and integration with existing systems. The scientometric analysis further reveals trends such as real-time hazard detection and worker safety awareness advancements while highlighting challenges like data management and integration across applications. The broader impact is the improvement of risk assessment efficiency and precision, promoting proactive safety risk management strategies, and ensuring personnel safety in construction.

Abstract. Site visits are crucial in Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) education, offering students hands-on experience and practical insights. However, physical visits often encounter challenges such as logistical constraints, safety concerns, and limited accessibility. Consequently, there is a growing trend towards web-based virtual learning environments, providing flexible and accessible alternatives to traditional site visits. This study discusses the development and evaluation of an Online Social Collaborative Space (OSCS) as a substitute for real-world site visits. The workflow for OSCS development is outlined, followed by a pilot study involving students to assess the OSCS. The evaluation focused on quantitative measures of workload, ease of use, and sense of presence within the environment. The findings aim to enhance conventional AEC education practices by offering insights into the feasibility and effectiveness of immersive online social collaborative spaces as substitutes for physical site visits.

Abstract. Drones are increasingly utilized in the construction industry, raising novel safety concerns for workers who share the same environment. We developed a drone communication protocol in Virtual Reality (VR), which enabled safe worker drone interaction through various natural communication modalities. To further develop this communication protocol in real drones and apply it to future construction sites, it is necessary to investigate its feasibility and implementation requirements. Therefore, we adopted a two-phase participatory design approach involving safety experts in the early design phases to inform future research efforts. In the first phase, safety experts were presented with the communication protocols in immersive VR and could utilize them in a virtual construction site scenario. In the second phase, we gathered their feedback through semi-structured interviews based on a social robot participatory design framework, considering both modalities and interactions. The checklist generated from the interview results was subsequently sent back to the safety experts for validation, resulting in final challenges and recommendations that emphasized augmenting and tailoring communication modalities to specific site environments and work contexts. As the first participatory design effort involving safety experts in human-drone interactions within construction, this study provides valuable insights for future advancements to enhance site safety.

Abstract. This paper is centered on the comprehensive analysis of data obtained from the Construction Industry Research Board (CIRB) of the California Homebuilding Foundation (CHF) regarding the characteristics of building permits in California. The primary objective is to establish connections between these permit characteristics and the current economic landscape. To bolster the academic rigor of this research, an academic portal is developed to provide a centralized platform for scholarly resources. The analysis includes the examination of geographical areas concerning building permits and economic indices such as population dynamics, fluctuations in interest and mortgage rates, overall inflation, home sales volume, and unemployment percentage. Educational version of Tableau software developed by Salesforce Inc. is utilized for mapping building permits for the 58 counties in California as well as for conducting time series analysis for building permits and forecasting the number of building permits across California. It was found that there is a correlation between BPs and overall inflation, mortgage rates, home sales volume and unemployment rate and there is a significant causal relationship between BPs and each of overall inflation and mortgage rates as well as a marginally significant causal relationship between BPs and each of home sales volume and unemployment rate.

Abstract. The paper presents a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) framework that integrates the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to assist contractors in selecting which construction projects to bid on. AHP is used to assign weights to decision criteria, including bid amount, expected profit, company fit, social impact, project location, and contract terms. These weights are then applied in TOPSIS to rank projects based on their proximity to ideal solutions. The study seeks to understand how contractors prioritize these factors, with a focus on the role of social impact alongside financial and operational considerations. The results suggest that while social responsibility is acknowledged, practical and strategic factors such as financial viability and company fit often take precedence in the bidding process. This highlights the complexities contractors face in balancing multiple priorities while striving to align their project selection with both business objectives and evolving expectations around corporate social responsibility. The research offers valuable insights into how contractors can enhance their bidding strategies by considering a broader range of criteria, including the growing importance of social impact in the construction industry.

Abstract. Constructability reviews are valued for their ability to control costs, maintain schedules, enhance collaboration, and improve safety compliance. This study explores the current practices, benefits, and challenges of constructability reviews in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry, based on insights from interviews with industry professionals. It was evident from the interviews that early identification of potential issues through these reviews reduces costly change orders and enables critical elements to be addressed without compromising other project priorities. However, challenges persist, including the timing of contractor involvement, limited owner engagement, inconsistent standardization, contractual constraints, and the difficulty of obtaining meaningful input from subcontractors. Additionally, there is a gap between academic research and practical applications, with practitioners emphasizing traditional, hands-on approaches over BIM-focused methods. Findings from this study highlight the importance of senior-level involvement and early stakeholder engagement, as well as the need for standardized guidelines, better documentation, and more effective communication among project participants. Addressing these challenges can lead to more effective constructability reviews, resulting in improved project efficiency, reduced costs, and enhanced safety, ultimately benefiting all stakeholders involved in construction projects.

Abstract. Today’s construction industry is highly competitive, and to maintain an advantage in the market, construction companies must manage finances as efficiently as their projects. Right-sizing the construction firm is a process of balancing assets and liabilities, efficiently managing project costs, and leveraging overhead resources to generate higher profits. Two methods for right-sizing a company are to 1) manage cash balances, and 2) maintain the appropriate level of base payroll (overhead personnel). This study uses survey results from nearly 1300 companies in 2022 to provide insight into the use and effectiveness of these methods. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze central tendency and evaluate application in the construction industry. Results provide a mean and standard deviation for evaluating the appropriate levels of cash as a comparison to revenue. Similarly, those same statistics evaluated the relationship between expenses of overhead personnel and annual revenue. A trendline for both ratios was calculated to help companies ‘right-size’ their respective organizations. Limitations of the dataset are addressed in the conclusions, specifically the variation of how companies report their base-payroll. This study serves as an instrument for guiding managerial decisions about establishing levels of cash as well as establishing budgets for overhead.

Abstract. Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) systems rough-in concrete slabs are crucial for the proper placement of MEP components across the building. The three most common rough-in components include a- Embedded items (anchors or inserts), b- Slab space created with form (blockouts or bulkheads), and c- Trade place tube (Sleeves). However, the placement of these MEP rough-in components is prone to errors and omissions (E&O). The four most common issues associated with E&O are i- Dimensions, ii- Position, iii- Securing errors, and iv- Complete omissions. These issues can lead to delays, rework, and safety hazards. Unfortunately, there is limited research on quantifying the occurrence rate of this E&O. Thus, the problem that this research addresses is the lack of literature on E&O MEP rough-ins. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to identify and analyze the most frequent errors and omissions (E&O) that occur during MEP rough-in installation in concrete slabs. The methodology employed in this paper was quantitative, utilizing three descriptive analysis methods: ( 1) Frequency Distributions, (2) Relative Frequency Distribution, and (3) Weighted Numbers. The results indicate that dimension and positioning errors, particularly for components such as Embedded items (anchors or inserts) and trade-placed tubes (Sleeves), are consistently problematic.

Abstract. Many Departments of Transportation (DOTs) utilize production rate tables as a tool to provide production rate information for construction activities that DOT estimators should consider when developing a project schedule and contract time. This spreadsheet-based tool offers the advantage of accessibility without requiring prior knowledge, as a quick reference table. However, many DOTs do not update their tables with actual data (e.g., historical bid data), which limits the practical utility of the tables. It is necessary to assess whether these tables provide sufficient and reliable production rate information for DOT estimators to perform project scheduling. This study focused on the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) construction production rate table and analyzed the production rate table in two phases: Phase 1: Identification of additional major work item candidates; Phase 2: Review and compare the production rate ranges with actual production rates. The findings from this study can be utilized not only to update the TxDOT construction production rate table but also to demonstrate the need of using actual data-driven production rate information.

Abstract. Construction project can exhibit high cost and reducing this cost may affect project performance and quality expectation. With the increasing needs of project owners, it is key to prioritize cost, performance, and quality to obtain value. Value engineering (VE) is a potential tool for achieving value in projects. The Southwest Florida region in the United States of America (USA) experienced an influx of people with increased construction projects, but it was not apparent whether value was being obtained by the project owners. Therefore, research was conducted on VE use in various projects with specific aim of examining the critical success factors and drivers of VE in projects. An online survey questionnaire was administered to construction practitioners in the region to get their feedback about VE. Results showed that VE was used by experienced contractors who were in commercial projects. They benefited from VE use, and cost and quality were found to be the main drivers of using VE. However, VE knowledge was little with few people certified and qualified to provide value in projects and as such, the success of VE in projects was limited. The research contributed to the VE studies focusing on providing value in construction.

Abstract. The Agile Monitoring Tool (AMT), integrated within the Smart Infinity Dimensions (S∞D) modeling platform as part of the Digital Transformation Project Management Platform, enhances safety and efficiency in large-scale construction projects by combining agile risk management with structural health monitoring (SHM). Traditional SHM systems monitor structural changes but often lack agile risk management, safety measures, and preventative safety alert functions. AMT addresses this gap by embedding agile risk management and real-time alerts, notifying key stakeholders to support informed decision-making. Through a five-stage process—identifying risks, notifying stakeholders, coordinating teams, allocating resources, and managing data—the AMT provides construction teams with actionable insights, potentially preventing up to 70% of onsite accidents by addressing risks proactively. While pilot testing indicates substantial accident prevention capabilities, further validation across diverse construction projects is necessary. Developed from six Calgary-based projects, the AMT leverages IoT-enabled Real-Time Monitoring and 3D modeling within the S∞D platform to monitor and optimize resource allocation, reduce energy consumption, and minimize waste and rework costs. Pilot testing highlights AMT’s effectiveness as a scalable, cost-efficient tool for high-stakes construction projects requiring rigorous safety management.

Abstract. Hispanic workers make up approximately one-third of the U.S. construction workforce, a figure that is expected to increase, especially in the southern regions where reliance on Hispanic labor is growing due to workforce shortages. Despite their growing presence, limited research has been done focused on evaluating factors that improve workforce retention within this community. This study explores the relationship between employee retention and sense of belonging among Hispanic workers. A survey of Hispanic construction workers in Texas revealed a significant positive correlation (Spearman’s coefficient of 0.69) between retention and sense of belonging. The study showed that employees in the early to Mid-Career stage have the lowest values for retention and sense of belonging, indicating the highest intention to remain with the organization and the strongest sense of belonging. The results also show a consistent level of retention and sense of belonging across career stages, with no significant differences observed between the different career stages. The present study highlights the importance of cultivating a work environment that promotes a sense of belonging among workers.

Abstract. This paper examines construction value added (VA) across developed and developing countries, aiming to understand its productivity, economic impact, and cross-sectoral dependencies. By comparing construction VA with agriculture and manufacturing sectors across income groups, this study identifies distinct roles of construction in both high- and low-income contexts. In high-income countries, construction VA demonstrates a weak positive correlation with GDP growth, suggesting a stable yet modest impact, aligned with mature infrastructure and economic diversification. In contrast, lower-middle-income countries exhibit a moderate positive correlation, where construction significantly supports GDP growth through infrastructure development and urban expansion. Low-income countries rely on construction for foundational economic functions, though limited productivity and resources constrain its broader impact on growth. The ANOVA test reveals statistically significant differences in construction VA across income groups, highlighting the varying contributions of construction based on income level and economic structure. These findings underscore the need for policy differentiation: high-income countries may prioritize sustainable infrastructure, while developing economies should focus on construction investment to boost productivity and support growth. This study offers a nuanced view of construction’s role globally, providing valuable insights for policymakers aiming to optimize construction’s contribution to economic development across diverse income levels.

Abstract. This study conducts a comparative analysis of the economic contributions of the construction sector across high-, upper-middle-, lower-middle-, and low-income countries from 2012 to 2022, focusing on GDP contributions and employment trends. Using data from the World Bank, IMF, and ILO, the analysis highlights significant disparities between income groups. Lower-middle-income and low-income countries show higher GDP contributions (6.4% each) and employment rates, emphasizing the sector’s critical role in economic growth and job creation. However, these regions face challenges, including financial volatility and limited workforce development. In contrast, high-income countries exhibit stable GDP contributions (5.4%) and employment (7%) due to diversified economies and robust training systems. Upper-middle-income countries experience transitional trends, reflecting economic shifts. The study underscores the importance of region-specific policies to stabilize growth, improve workforce skills, and expand financing channels to maximize the construction sector's impact, particularly in developing regions.

Abstract. As a pilot study, this study aims to explore factors and their importance in influencing construction management students during job selection decisions. To do so, the authors reviewed job postings from widely utilized job search platforms and conducted an online survey questionnaire with undergraduate and graduate students in a large midwestern US university’s construction management program. The findings show that participating students now value compensation, work-life balance, and job fit, signaling a change in their priorities towards seeking a supportive and fulfilling workplace in addition to financial stability. The importance of company culture, training, professional growth opportunities, and mentoring emphasizes the desire for support, growth, and guidance in early career progression. Additionally, the importance placed on location factors shows that participating students make informed decisions based on both personal and professional considerations. Overall, this study provides valuable insights for employers looking to attract and retain young talent, helping tailor their recruitment strategies and workplace offerings to align with the preferences and priorities of recent graduates. Ultimately, this study serves to foster a better understanding of the expectations of emerging professionals in the construction industry, facilitating a more effective partnership between educational institutions and employers.

Abstract. In the United States, there are many career routes that one may take in construction. Project managers and superintendents are two of many career paths offered, but there are inconsistencies nationally about which of these two roles has the greater career outlook. Although project managers and superintendents have developed responsibilities, their skill sets tend to vary and are not as defined as other positions within the construction industry. An industry survey was administered through the professional networks of the survey administrators to gauge employees’ perspective. 51% of the survey respondents indicated that superintendents and project managers are perceived equally in their company and they both report to their superiors whether it is general superintendents or project executives. Only 33% of the survey respondents gave an edge to project managers where superintendents had to report to them in their respective companies. Based on the set of responses, 4 out of the top 5 required skills needed for the superintendents and project managers were identical. Those skills were: understand construction process, communications skills, leadership/mentoring skills, time management skills. The findings of this research provide important feedback on how the routes taken in the construction industry are perceived.

Abstract. Roofing tasks on inclined surfaces expose workers to significant biomechanical risks, particularly for novice roofers who lack experience in managing balance and weight distribution on sloped surfaces. This study investigates the impact of varying roof slopes (0°, 15°, and 30°) on plantar pressure distribution across distinct foot zones (toe, metatarsal, midfoot, and heel) among novice roofers, aiming to enhance safety by identifying critical pressure areas under sloped surfaces. Findings reveal that increased slope generally reduces overall plantar pressure, yet high peak pressure remains concentrated in the toe area across all slopes, suggesting a reliance on toe pressure for stability. While metatarsal pressures are higher on flat surfaces and lower on steeper slopes, toe pressure remains consistently elevated, indicating potential for strain-related injuries. These results align with prior studies highlighting the toe's role in stabilizing on inclined surfaces, suggesting the need for ergonomic interventions. Tailored footwear and training on weight distribution strategies may reduce injury risks and improve stability. Despite a limited sample size, the study contributes foundational data for ergonomic guidelines in roofing to reduce injury risk, improve balance, and enhance comfort for novice roofing workers.

Abstract. The construction industry faces a shortage of skilled labor due to challenges associated with attracting and retaining quality people. Millennials and the Z generation represent the largest group currently entering the job force and the industry’s best means for resolving its labor shortage. This study seeks to discover Millennial and Generation Z construction workers’ perceptions of the most common leadership traits among leaders in the construction industry based on their personal experiences and interactions, the traits these workers perceive to be desirable among site leaders, determine if they are in alignment and if the industry is positioned to successfully recruit, lead, and retain members of these cohorts, and provide implications and recommendations based on the results. To accomplish this goal the paper performs a literature review and qualitative study utilizing a phenomenological method of conducting semi-structured interviews and analyzing the results. An interpretation of the findings indicates that the general approach to leadership in construction does not align with what is suggested to be effective for the upcoming generations, is inconsistent, some of the leaders in the industry lack emotional control, and the industry lacks training to prepare its leaders. This implies that the current leadership is not in an optimal position to recruit, lead, or retain members of the Millennial and Generation Z cohorts. Based on these findings the paper concludes by recommending a comprehensive and extensive training program that includes communication and people management that would place them in a better position to do so.

Abstract. The construction industry has experienced significant disruptions over the past 50 years, each of which has had a substantial impact on project costs, labor availability, material supply, and overall industry stability. These disruptions have shaped the industry's resilience and adaptation strategies. Navigating through financial crises, geopolitical events, and tariff policies presents significant challenges for disadvantaged project managers, who must continually adapt to an ever-changing landscape. The most notable disruption in recent years was the COVID-19 pandemic, which had a significant impact on business operations across various industries. The pandemic's impact on construction projects highlighted numerous challenges, prompting an examination of lessons learned to better prepare for future crises. While the pandemic affected construction professionals broadly, disadvantaged construction project managers faced additional unique challenges exacerbated by existing inequalities. This study employs a phenomenological approach, utilizing interviews and surveys with disadvantaged construction project managers to gather firsthand insights into their experiences during the pandemic. The research highlights key adaptive strategies that helped disadvantaged project managers maintain project continuity and resilience. Fostering digital literacy, implementing robust DEI initiatives, and promoting adaptive leadership are essential strategies to bolster resilience and ensure more equitable outcomes in future crises within the construction industry.

Abstract. This study investigates the nuanced challenges and opportunities for women in the construction industry through qualitative methods based on inductive reasoning, focusing on the influences of workplace culture and mentorship on their career progression and retention. By analyzing qualitative data gathered from interviews with twelve women across various industry roles, the research identifies both entrenched systemic barriers—such as male-dominated workplace cultures and uneven career advancement opportunities—and emerging positive dynamics like generational shifts in attitudes and the adoption of supportive technologies. From these observations, the Practical Advancement and Support Framework for Women in Construction (PASFWC) was developed. This framework outlines strategic interventions, including the implementation of robust mentorship programs, equitable career progression processes, and flexible work environments, aimed at creating a better work environment for women and helping contractors utilize the uniqueness of women to widen their productivity and economic growth. The findings suggest that while substantial barriers remain, strategic interventions tailored to the needs of women can facilitate considerable progress. Further research is suggested to empirically test the framework and validate its effectiveness across different contexts within the industry.

Abstract. The construction industry rapidly evolves yearly, with new technology, tools, and workflows introduced by software vendors, professional organizations, individual companies, and industry members. This ever-changing work environment challenges existing industry participants to be effectively upskilled and new workforce members to be technically competent upon entry into the industry. While modern technology and tools can increase efficiency, improve safety, and enhance cross-disciplinary collaboration, adoption rates of model-based workflows by preconstruction teams continue to lag compared to other uses, such as coordination and clash detection. Integrated Estimating, a more recently developed workflow for cross-disciplinary model-based practices, shows promise to increase efficiency in the preconstruction process and improve collaboration. This paper describes how a pilot project implementation of this Integrated Estimating workflow helped the design and contractor teams to adopt a new approach to BIM-based collaboration. This pilot process utilized team training sessions focused on discipline-specific and “just-in-time” support. The results indicated the successful adoption of the workflow, promoting comprehension of the technical aspects and confirming the use of the workflow for collaboration purposes by new industry users. The preliminary results also show that the Integrated Estimating framework can be scalable and replicated across multiple independent project teams through training and application.

Abstract. Emotional Intelligence (EI) plays a pivotal role in leadership effectiveness within Facility management (FM), shaping decision-making, team dynamics, and overall organizational performance. This study investigates the influence of EI competencies such as self-management, social awareness, and relationship management. Using EI assessments, data were collected from FM professionals across senior executives (n=69) and entry-level managers (n=34). The study evaluates how these EI competencies vary with the two job levels. The findings reveal that senior executives demonstrated significantly higher levels of EI, particularly in areas like social awareness, relationship management and overall EQ, compared to their entry-level counterparts. Despite the critical importance of EI for leadership in FM, the study identifies a gap in formal training and development programs designed to cultivate EI. Current practices do not sufficiently focus on the deliberate enhancement of these competencies.

Abstract. The construction industry faces a critical workforce gap that existing post-secondary construction management programs inadequately address. This gap is largely due to the industry’s rapid expansion and evolving educational frameworks. Effective higher education programs aim to cultivate skilled leaders equipped to meet these demands, necessitating accessible course offerings, consistent delivery, measurable learning outcomes, standardized accreditation, and strong industry connections. Innovative educational models are essential to bridge this gap. Clemson University’s state-legislature-authorized digital construction management program exemplifies this approach, allowing students to balance full-time work with academic commitments while gaining substantial experiential learning and practical experience. This model emphasizes experiential learning, which can provide insights beyond traditional classroom settings. While some online programs have emerged in response to this need, results remain inconsistent. The Clemson model’s integration of digital hyflex coursework coupled with workplace experience addresses industry and student needs, promoting a stronger educational foundation. Organizations like the American Institute of Constructors (AIC) and the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) play vital roles in aligning educational programs with industry standards. Ultimately, this model serves as a promising framework to align educational outcomes with industry requirements and mitigate the workforce gap in construction management. The study synthesizes and examines existing research and industry practices surrounding experiential learning adoption in construction. The study's significance lies in providing a roadmap for successful experiential learning integration in construction while addressing challenges such as student isolation, protocols, and accreditation.

Abstract. Roller compacted concrete (RCC), also known as roller concrete (or roll-crete), is a special type of concrete that has the same constituents as conventional concrete mixed with different proportions and a higher percentage of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Due to texture, physical and mechanical characteristics, RCC is placed with a high-compaction asphalt type paver and compacted to a high density using vibratory rollers. The placement and compaction techniques of RCC results in a high strength rigid pavement with enhanced long-term performance. The aforementioned characteristics provide RCC with a material competitive advantage to be adopted in pavement projects. In this research, material cost of roadway segments designed and constructed using RCC is compared to different conventional pavement alternatives considering different project parameters including base and wearing surface material types, subgrade (soil) conditions, and highway level of traffic. The outcomes of this research showed that RCC pavement provides the departments of transportation with material cost savings regardless of the project parameters. Cost savings are maximized when RCC is used in highway construction with poor subgrade strength and under high traffic volumes. The incorporation of the research outcomes would provide DOT personnel with the required materials to improve roadway conditions within the United States.

Abstract. Mass timber, including products such as cross-laminated timber (CLT) and glue-laminated timber (glulam), is gaining attention as a sustainable alternative to traditional steel and concrete, offering benefits such as reduced carbon emissions and enhanced aesthetic appeal. However, despite its advantages, mass timber adoption faces significant challenges, including high costs, limited practitioner experience, and unique material protection requirements. This study investigates the evolving awareness, benefits, and challenges associated with mass timber construction among U.S. construction professionals. Through a survey of over 100 construction practitioners, primarily from Cal Poly’s Construction Management Advisory Council (CMAC) in California, this study provides updated insights on industry perceptions, particularly in comparison to Ahmed’s 2022 research on mass timber awareness. Findings reveal an increase in contractors’ exposure and experience with mass timber, with 67% of respondents reporting involvement in mass timber projects—a notable 22% rise since 2022. Key challenges identified include the cost of materials, limited practitioner experience, and a new concern with material protection against environmental factors, which can impact both structural integrity and aesthetic quality. By examining these perceptions and comparing them with previous data, the study highlights critical trends, informs on evolving industry challenges, and underscores the importance of continued development in mass timber practices to enhance adoption and reduce barriers.

Abstract. Roofers are more susceptible to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) because they often adopt awkward postures. The purpose of this study is to assess how muscle activation patterns and knee joint angles relate to stooping on a 30-degree slope. Stooping posture was selected for this study as it is one of the most performed postures in sloped surface. The researchers collected kinematic and surface electromyography (sEMG) data of six healthy participants using Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and sEMG sensors. Significant relationships between knee flexion angles and biceps femoris muscle activation was identified using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Additionally, a combined examination of the rectus and biceps femoris also revealed statistical significance with the knee flexion angles. The results show that higher muscular activation of biceps femoris is correlated with increased knee flexion, suggesting a larger muscle load and possible risk of WMSDs. The study provides insights for developing ergonomic interventions, such as exoskeletons, to reduce muscle strain during stooping tasks on inclined surfaces. Additionally, this research can work as a model to check the correlation between muscle activation and joint angles for other construction traits.

Abstract. This study examines the correlation between construction accidents and seasonal variations by analyzing OSHA accident data in the United States over the period 2015 to 2021. While previous research has explored the general relationship between weather and accidents, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis for summer accident rates. The analysis considered the number of injuries, work types, climatic conditions, and geographic distinctions between indoor and outdoor construction activities. Following an F-test, an independent sample t-test was employed to establish significant differences between indoor and outdoor accident frequencies. The seasonal impact on the outdoor construction work and certain factors contributing to increased accident risk in warmer months, which has been established by the present analysis as one-tailed and two-tailed tests. Based on the influence of heat or prolonged work hours, the seasons were classified as Winter, Spring, Summer, and Fall to identify an accident trend. The findings confirm seasonal elevated temperatures are associated with increased outdoor activity-related accidents. The data suggests that targeted safety policies, including heat stress management protocols, are crucial to mitigate the increased risk of accidents during specific seasons and in certain work environments. The results are in direct contrast to recent state laws that limit municipal power to require water breaks.

Abstract. Language barriers in the construction industry, particularly among Spanish-speaking workers, present significant challenges to safety communication, leading to increased risks of accidents and injuries. As the construction workforce becomes more diverse, the need for effective and clear communication of safety protocols in multiple languages has become critical. This study reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of various digital tools designed to improve safety communication for Spanish-speaking workers on construction sites. Tools such as Need2Say, JHA Safety App, and Toolbox Talks Safety App provide real-time translations, bilingual safety briefings, and customizable hazard analysis, which help reduce the risks associated with miscommunication. This research also explored the limitations of general-purpose tools like Google Translate, which lack industry-specific terminology. Through a comprehensive analysis, this study highlights the strengths and weaknesses of these digital tools and suggests future improvements, including the integration of augmented reality training and data analytics to enhance safety outcomes. This study provides a framework for assessing the current and potential role of digital tools in creating safer, more inclusive construction environments.

Abstract. This study examines the relationship between spatial reasoning abilities and hazard recognition performance within virtual reality (VR) simulations of construction environments. Despite the construction industry's high-risk nature and the critical role of hazard identification in preventing accidents, the impact of spatial cognitive skills on hazard recognition remains underexplored. Utilizing VR technology, the study created immersive construction site scenarios incorporating common hazards. Participants' spatial reasoning abilities were assessed using the Purdue Spatial Visualization Test: Visualization of Rotations (PSVT:R), followed by evaluations of their hazard recognition performance within the VR environments. Statistical analysis revealed no significant correlation between spatial reasoning scores and hazard recognition performance, although the results indicate a slight upward trend in hazard recognition index (HRI) with increasing spatial reasoning ability. These findings indicate that other factors, such as attention distribution, experience, and training methodologies, may play more substantial roles in enhancing hazard recognition. The study underscores the potential of VR-based training programs to improve safety outcomes by providing realistic and controlled environments for hazard identification practice. Future research should adopt a larger, more diverse, and experienced population.

Abstract. The benefit of selecting a main contractor at the design stage has attracted industry interest; however, studies, particularly from an Irish context when focusing on quality, are lacking. This paper examines the benefits, if any, of early contractor involvement (ECI) at the design stage with a specific focus towards quality. The aim is to ascertain the impact of early contractor involvement at design stage in the context of quality improvement, if any. In achieving this, 18 semi-structured industry professionals are interviewed. The results are thematically coded, to identify themes and underlying factors which impact project benefits measured against quality in the appointment of a main contractor at design stage. By carrying out this research, a link between ECI and attaining quality improvements can be established. The result will show clients, design teams and contractors, that selecting a main contractor at the design stage can prove beneficial in increasing the overall quality of the project. This paper stems from the lack of academic research on this subject, while highlighting to various stakeholders, the value of early contractor involvement from a quality perspective.

Abstract. Roofing tasks frequently involve sustained awkward postures, such as stooping, which significantly elevate the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). This study aimed to quantitatively assess muscle activation while stooping on a 30-degree sloped surface, a common posture in roofing activities. Seven healthy male participants were recruited, and muscle activity was monitored using surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors placed on twelve muscle groups, including the Biceps Femoris, Rectus Abdominis, and Rectus Femoris. The muscle activation data were normalized using maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) values, and the muscles were ranked based on their cumulative activation levels during the task. The analysis revealed that the Right and Left Biceps Femoris exhibited the highest levels of activation, significantly surpassing other examined muscle groups. These findings indicate a considerable demand on the Biceps Femoris during stooping, which could predispose workers to muscle fatigue and increase the risk of WMSDs. The results underscore the necessity of targeted ergonomic interventions, such as muscle-specific training programs and supportive devices, to alleviate strain and prevent long-term musculoskeletal injuries. Future research should investigate diverse postures, incorporate larger sample sizes, and include experienced roofing workers to enhance the applicability of the findings.

Abstract. Falls from height is one of the leading causes of fatal and non-fatal accidents in the US construction industry. As many accidents are due to system failure, analyzing accident reports can reveal underlying system failures and provide insights for developing effective control measures. This paper examined 100 full-text accident investigation reports compiled by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) through the Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) program to explore the characteristics of the fall fatalities and learn about common trends in the accidents. Looking beyond quantitative information related to accidents, this paper presents the salient features of the accidents, demographics of the victims, and background of the victims’ employers. Further analyses reveal that victims’ actions and behaviors were critical causal factors. This research also suggest that lack of safety training programs might have contributed to the lack of awareness and unsafe behaviors of the victims.

Abstract. Quality accessibility features have a substantial effect on the user experience of a public service structure; however, research on these features often focuses on code compliance, limiting quality analysis abilities. In addition, research focuses mostly on common mobility challenges, reducing information on other disabilities such as cognitive and visual impairments. As a public university, The University of Southern Mississippi’s function as an institution relies on students’ ability to access its services, directly connecting the institutional value to its access quality. We designed a series of survey questions to assess a structure’s accessibility features and their quality, focusing on including lesser researched disabilities in the data set. Information was collected from the University’s Hattiesburg, MS campus and translated into a series of numerical data used to generate “accessibility scores” for both individual structures and survey items, indicating overall building access quality and campus-wide trends related to specific access types. These trends identify gaps in accessibility focus overall and indicate specific campus needs. This research outcomes foster improvements in the University’s quality of accessibility, additionally improving the quality of life for the hundreds of disabled students in attendance.

Abstract. Construction productivity has been nearly stagnant for decades and traditional productivity metrics hinder progress. Addressing these challenges is critical for improving productivity. Emerging technologies like BIM present a viable solution for enhancing performance and productivity. Construction quality management processes (CQM) offer the potential for improving productivity; however, the construction industry is slow to adopt innovation. Manufacturing and other industries have seen productivity growth of 3.6% and 2.8% respectively because of the introduction of cutting-edge technology for reducing human errors compared to construction’s that remains at 1% over the last two decades mostly due to conventional approach. Therefore, this paper reviews existing literature and identifies BIM integrative technologies that can enhance the CQM processes to improve productivity and reduce human errors. The study identified visualization modeling and automation systems technologies that can be integrated with BIM to guide stakeholders toward adoption and use for quality evaluation processes. Visualization modeling and automation system technologies that can be applied across various quality management categories are identified, offering insights for construction stakeholders. These technologies are positioned as key tools for improving the industry’s efficiency and guiding stakeholders toward more effective quality evaluation and management practices.

Abstract. Construction sites face persistent safety challenges, with incidents often resulting in severe injuries or fatalities. In the U.S., these safety concerns are heightened due to the high volume of construction projects and complex working conditions. This study conducts a data-driven analysis of construction safety incidents in the Southeastern U.S., utilizing five Machine Learning (ML) techniques to classify fatal or non-fatal incidents. A dataset of 1,963 incidents obtained from the OSHA was analyzed with the ML techniques for their prediction accuracy of classifications. Key findings reveal that random forest and decision trees achieved the highest accuracy and reliability in classifying fatal or non-fatal incidents, with random forest outperforming all models in the classifications. Feature importance analysis highlighted factors such as age, height, occupation, and event type as significant predictors of injury severity. The study’s implications are substantial for construction safety management; ML models can provide predictive insights that support proactive safety measures on construction sites. By identifying high-risk factors associated with severe injuries, this research contributes to the development of data-driven safety interventions and policy improvements aimed at reducing incident rates. The findings underscore the potential of ML in advancing construction safety through targeted risk assessment and preventive strategies.

Abstract. Construction sites pose multiple safety risks and hazards for workers. Augmented Reality (AR) has the potential to enhance safety on construction sites by providing real-time information, visualization, and training. For instance, AR can be used to train workers by simulating safety scenarios, allowing them to learn about potential hazards and safety protocols before starting work. AR helmets or glasses can display safety checklists and reminders, ensuring workers adhere to safety protocols. In addition, AR glasses can provide workers with real-time guidance in hazardous situations, including helping to track tools, equipment, and materials on the construction site, thereby reducing the risk of accidents. However, the implementation of AR in construction safety comes with certain obstacles that need to be addressed, ranging from worker distraction due to AR overlays to a limited field of vision when wearing AR devices to discomfort and fatigue. Thus, the aim of this study is to provide an overview of the key findings regarding the safety challenges and limitations associated with using AR technologies, as well as the type of technology used. The methodology used in this paper was a qualitative content analysis, a research method that involves systematically analyzing the content of technical research articles to identify patterns, themes, and meanings. The findings suggest that prolonged exposure to AR can lead to physical symptoms such as eye strain, nausea, and headaches, including spatial disorientation. Additionally, the technical limitations of these technologies, such as restricted vision and connectivity, can contribute to user discomfort. The paper highlights the importance of addressing these challenges to ensure the safe and effective integration of AR technologies in various domains. Also, it outlines the potential for future research and development in the field of AR safety technologies in construction.

Abstract. Construction is an inherently dangerous industry, with electrocution being a leading cause of worker fatalities. While electrical workers face obvious risks, non-electrical workers are also vulnerable to electrical hazards. This research, through interviews with both electrical and non-electrical workers, identified key themes in electrical safety, including hazard recognition, preventive measures, and emergency response. The findings underscore the importance of targeted electrical safety training for non-electrical workers to improve their understanding of electrical hazards and enhance safety practices. By implementing effective training programs, construction companies can significantly reduce the risk of electrical accidents and fatalities. Recommendations include focused training on hazard identification, safe work practices, and emergency response procedures. Regular safety meetings and ongoing training can further reinforce safety knowledge and foster a culture of safety. Prioritizing electrical safety training is essential to creating a safer and more productive work environment for all construction workers.

Abstract. Quality management is a broad discipline involving a range of responsibilities that can vary significantly across construction projects. In design-build (DB) projects, this complexity is heightened as the DB team oversees both design and construction, as well as ensuring compliance with project requirements. The overarching goal of this study is to examine the key personnel requirements related to quality management roles, focusing on the roles and definitions of quality management positions. This study conducts a comparative content analysis of the requests for qualifications from the state Department of Transportation (DOT). The findings show a growing trend among DOTs to require independent quality managers, often third-party professionals, responsible for quality assurance. Additionally, there is notable variability in how DOTs allocate quality responsibilities. Some mandate separate quality managers for design and construction, while others specify a construction quality manager focused on materials and workmanship. This variability can result in ambiguity about role expectations. By clarifying the distinct responsibilities of various quality management roles, this study offers industry professionals practical guidance to enhance alignment and improve project outcomes in DB projects.

Abstract. This pilot study aims to understand the behavioral and cultural factors influencing construction workers’ decisions to continue working despite experiencing symptoms of heat strain. A survey was developed based on a literature review and expert feedback to capture critical themes, such as awareness of heat-related health risks, experiences with heat-related illness, and behaviors when experiencing symptoms of heat strain. Initial analysis of item responses to a question on safety behavior when experiencing heat-related symptoms demonstrated high internal consistency, with Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.90. Exploratory factor analysis revealed two distinct factors, cognitive and physical discomfort, showing progress toward obtaining construct validity. Preliminary data from the pilot revealed that while most respondents are aware of the risks of working in extreme heat, many still experience symptoms, with some choosing to continue working despite discomfort. Insight was also provided into why respondents choose not to stop working when experiencing symptoms of heat strain. This pilot investigation provides an initial understanding of the decision-making factors influencing workers’ reluctance to stop working when experiencing heat strain and progress toward developing an instrument to understand this phenomenon more.

Abstract. The construction industry faces significant mental health challenges due to its demanding physical conditions, transient employment nature, and entrenched cultural stigmas. This comprehensive review examines key stressors such as job insecurity, hazardous work environments, and the "macho" workplace culture that contribute to elevated rates of anxiety, depression, and suicide among construction workers. It explores intervention strategies including workplace-based programs, technology-driven tools, and emerging frameworks for promoting positive mental health. Peer-led initiatives like MATES in Construction reduce stigma and enhance support systems, while digital tools such as apps and real-time stress monitors increase accessibility and privacy. A multi-tiered approach encompassing primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions is recommended to address mental health holistically. Additionally, this review advocates a shift from reactive to proactive strategies, emphasizing well-being through positive mental health promotion. Despite progress, barriers such as stigma and resource constraints hinder implementation. Future directions include longitudinal studies to assess intervention efficacy, tailored programs for underrepresented groups, and scalable solutions for smaller firms. By integrating these strategies, the construction industry can foster a more resilient workforce, improving productivity and overall well-being. This paper highlights the need for systemic change to address mental health challenges and sustain the sector’s social and economic contributions.

Abstract. This paper aims to identify and explore the technical skills necessary to enhance the safety of human-technology interactions (HTI) and determine the most effective training methods for developing these skill sets, enabling the workforce to engage with emerging human-technology solutions (HTS) safely. Adopting an interpretive philosophical stance and an inductive approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with professionals and focus group discussions with artisans in Gqeberha (formerly Port Elizabeth), South Africa. The study identified the technical skills necessary for the proposed mitigation strategies following a thematic analysis. These findings have practical implications for the industry, as they outline effective methods for acquiring these skills in response to emerging HTS, making the research directly applicable to real-world scenarios. While previous research has extensively outlined the barriers to adopting HTS, including the safety risks associated with specific technology and strategies for mitigating these risks, this paper identifies the technical skills required to implement mitigation strategies effectively.

Abstract. Mental health is a critical yet often overlooked element of workplace safety in construction, an industry with high stress and distraction levels that elevate accident risks and contribute to suicide rates 4.3 times the national average. This paper synthesizes Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Conklin’s Five Principles of Human and Organizational Performance (HOP), and Meadows’ leverage points to propose a framework for embedding mental health into safety practices. A literature review methodology was employed to integrate these theoretical frameworks and identify practical applications. Findings highlight the importance of addressing basic human needs, creating error-tolerant systems, and fostering non-punitive workplace cultures. Small interventions, such as encouraging feedback loops and regular rest breaks, improve trust, resilience, and collective safety. The study concludes that aligning mental and physical safety enhances organizational outcomes, offering a roadmap for transitioning from compliance-focused practices to a culture of care. By integrating well-being into workplace safety, construction organizations can foster environments where mental health is valued alongside physical protection, supporting both individual and team performance.