Photon Dynamics in Extended Classical Mechanics: Effective Mass, Negative Inertia, Momentum Exchange and Analogies with Dark Energy

EasyChair Preprint 15455

Abstract

This research explores the concept of photon dynamics, specifically focusing on the notion of effective mass (Mᵉᶠᶠ) and its implications for force interactions and energy-momentum exchanges in extended classical mechanics. While photons are traditionally considered massless, their energy (E = h·f) implies an equivalent mass via the famous equation E = mc², known as effective mass. This effective mass can exhibit negative values in specific contexts due to the photon's immense speed and energy-momentum interactions, reflecting its dynamic nature.

The study outlines the mathematical framework in which the net force (F) acting on a photon is derived from its effective mass and acceleration (aᵉᶠᶠ). A force equation is derived where F = −Mᵃᵖᵖ·aᵉᶠᶠ, indicating that the force is inversely related to the apparent mass Mᵃᵖᵖ. The analysis highlights the photon’s ability to respond to external forces and interactions through its effective mass, rather than through traditional rest mass, with significant implications for energy transfer and gravitational phenomena.

The research further extends these principles by drawing an analogy between the photon’s effective mass and the negative effective mass of dark energy (Mᴅᴇ), suggesting a shared behaviour between both phenomena. The relationship between gravitating mass, matter mass, and dark energy is represented by Mᵉᶠᶠ = Mᴍ + (−Mᵃᵖᵖ), mirroring the theoretical framework of dark energy in cosmology. This analogy offers deeper insights into the photon’s role in gravitational lensing, redshift, and other quantum and cosmological processes, presenting a unified understanding of energy dynamics in both microscopic and macroscopic systems.

Keyphrases: Extended Classical Mechanics, Photon dynamics, Redshift, dark energy, effective mass, energy momentum interactions, force dynamics, gravitational lensing, negative inertia, quantum systems

@booklet{EasyChair:15455,
  author    = {Soumendra Nath Thakur},
  title     = {Photon Dynamics in Extended Classical Mechanics: Effective Mass, Negative Inertia, Momentum Exchange and Analogies with Dark Energy},
  howpublished = {EasyChair Preprint 15455},
  year      = {EasyChair, 2024}}